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Oil Prices: The Center Of The Inflation Debate

The mainstream media is about to be presented with another (small) gift. In its quest to discredit populism, the condition of inflation has become paramount for largely the right reasons (accidents do happen). In the context of the macro economy of 2017, inflation isn’t really about consumer prices except as a broad gauge of hidden monetary conditions.

Therefore, if inflation behaves as it is supposed to after so many years of “stimulus”, then the political opposition to the status quo really is about racism and xenophobia. If, however, inflation underwhelms for now the sixth year and counting, there just might be something to this economic anxiety element of grand and growing political discord.

In many ways this isn’t a point of contention at all, merely a misreading of what policymakers are actually doing and why. The global economy really has suffered some horrible fate, but what? Inflation underwhelms because the economy does and has, but policymakers in 2017 are trying to figure out why in a way that leaves them blameless.

Real GDP in the Eurodollar Era 1993-2017

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Real GDP in the Eurodollar Era 1993-2017

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Any long-term GDP chart for any place shows clearly that it is small wonder political and social devastation took so long to start manifesting. That speaks to the power of Economics and the tremendous benefit of the doubt it began with, and then squandered. People largely believed Ben Bernanke when he said he knew what he was doing with QE2 (without ever accounting why he felt there needed to be a second) or Mario Draghi when he made his promise. The public did so because they wanted to believe such a big awful thing was fixable.

The media is still stuck on the idea of the economy being fixed, however, though policymakers have more than a year ago shifted to figuring out why it won’t ever be. Inflation for them is now the measure of who’s to blame, not what will happen.

European Growth Baseline 1995-2017

European Growth Baseline 1995-2017

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Again, if inflation continues to underperform the 2% target here and elsewhere, even textbook Economics makes it a monetary reason. If it gets back to and above 2%, drug addicts and Baby Boomers would have been a legitimate structural drag, meaning QE failed because it stood no chance of ever working. You can see the stakes for central bankers as they have this year practically resorted to outright pleading, as if saying the thing over and over will increase the chances of it happening.

So it must have been some relief when earlier this year oil price base effects raised the CPI to above 2% for three months starting last December (and the HICP for only one month in Europe). It would stay above 2% for a total of five, but those last two were on the way back down again, clearly showing that it was oil not the opioid epidemic the public should turn to for answers.

Oil Prices (WTI) 2010-2017

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Oil Prices (WTI) 2010-2017

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Oil Prices (WTI) 2016-2017

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Oil Prices (WTI) 2016-2017

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Given the nature of its annual comparison, WTI was this July on an upswing whereas in July 2016 falling again. Crude oil’s contribution to consumer price inflation last month is once more significantly positive, meaning that in all likelihood on Friday when the BLS reports the CPI for July it will be accelerated from four straight months of “unexpected” weakness. There will certainly be much crowing and rejoicing.

Oil Prices (WTI) 2007-2017

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Oil Prices (WTI) 2007-2017

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But it won’t matter for more than just a single news cycle, not the least of which because of the bond market that policymakers and especially economists (therefore the media) just can’t (or refuse) seem to understand.

“The market has paid a lot more attention to inflation than in recent years, simply because that has the potential to be what changes the Fed’s mind on further rate hikes,” [said Gennadiy Goldberg, an interest-rate strategist at TD Securities]. This week’s report “has a pretty substantial amount of power to push rates to annual lows or getting us off those lows and pushing rates higher.”

Once again, no, no, and no. The bond market takes no cues from monetary policy except if it views that policy to be effective. Interest rates rise because of opportunity, not because the Fed attempts to command it with the federal funds rate as in 2016, 2004, or even 1994. There is no “hawkishness” or “dovishness” by itself, instead the interpretation of “hawkishness” if things are actually getting better or “dovishness” if they aren’t. This other convention where the Fed is at the center of everything just doesn’t wash.

Missing Modern Money 1990-2017

Missing Modern Money 1990-2017

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It presupposes infallibility which has been proven not to exist. Presumably the Fed’s “hawkishness” derives from its proficiency in economic interpretation. Therefore, bond rates would rise not based on monetary policy action per se, but rather agreeing with the Fed’s interpretation of what “hawkishness” means as far as economic opportunity. To claim that the bond market must follow monetary policy is to simultaneously claim that the FOMC is always right; and further that bonds must always defer in that judgment to these economists.

 

The bond market does not do this, though it does take into consideration central bank judgment as part of its stream of information. Before the summer of 2011, the bond market largely agreed with FOMC assessments. By and large, though, ever since 2011 the bond market which is always free to disagree with them about the economy or even the state of monetary function has exercised that freedom and in convincing fashion. From 2013 forward, nominal rates should have risen and curves steepened as economists and policymakers declared QE3 a resounding success, with particular emphasis on the unemployment rate. The bond market was correct, not economists.

 

What drives UST yields or eurodollar futures prices is therefore not “hawkishness” or “dovishness”, but rather perceptions about whether “hawkishness”, “dovishness”, Trump, or even Paul Krugman’s fake alien invasion scenario will amount to anything positive and the significance of it. It is the translation of current conditions into considerations about the future, captured in prices and yields – the actual discounting of information, of which monetary policy is only a (variable) part.

Federal Funds Rate, U.S. Treasury compared 2004-2017

Federal Funds Rate, U.S. Treasury compared 2004-2017

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And oil prices factor to a much higher degree than Janet Yellen for these reasons. It is oil that moves the CPI (or PCE Deflator) which is a very negative commentary on the economy tomorrow as well as today. Unless oil prices really break higher, then the bond market gives far more weight to what the FOMC members would all rather never consider – the problem really is money and economy rather than drugs and demographics.

What Moves the Bond Market - 2004-2017

What Moves the Bond Market - 2004-2017

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Jeffrey P. Snider
Jeffrey P. Snider is the head of Global Investment Research of Alhambra Investment Partners (AIP). Jeffrey was 12 years at Atlantic Capital Management where he anticipated the financial crisis with critical research. His company is a global investment adviser, hence potential Swiss clients should not hesitate to contact AIP
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