Anyone who has decided to buy gold, or follows the gold price will be aware of how powerful the US Federal Reserve is. This year the Federal Reserve will turn 110 years old, only in recent years is dollar hegemony appearing to falter. Below we look at the central bank’s origins and three lessons we can learn from the history of the world’s most powerful bank, in order to help our investment decisions in 2023.
Is the FED’s institutional history about to repeat itself?
Every institution follows a lifecycle. Institutions are born out of a need to solve an issue. After birth, they grow in size and scope, some decay because of changing needs or lose purpose and then die as they become obsolete.
Of course, the timelines for an institution are not linked to the lifespan of any one human. This week we explore the life cycle and the psychology of today’s most powerful central bank – The Federal Reserve.
The Federal Reserve Act was passed in 1913 to create a central bank in America. This Act was not the first attempt to create a central bank in the U.S. but it is the one that has lasted for more than a century.
Interesting to note that neither ‘central’ nor ‘bank’ are part of the name of the institution. We also note that ‘Act’ means this particular central bank was created by Congress. Since it was created by Congress it thereby answers to Congress (and effectively answers to the Executive branch as well).
This year the FED will be 110 years old. Even for institutions 110 years is a long time to remain in a dominant position.
There are of course institutions that have lasted for many centuries, the Bank of England is one example; it was founded in 1694. The FED is certainly a mature entity that has seen successes, failures, and growing pains and has been renovated more than once.
Yet, there remain parts of the FED that have become antiquated and obsolete as transportation and technology has improve.
One example is the 12 district banks which were situated on rail lines to make it easier for bankers to travel to their respective Federal Reserve branches. With today’s technology, these district offices are thought by many to be obsolete.
For our purposes today let’s characterize the FED as a mature but not yet ossified institution.
Can we be sure the FED is not an old institution in irreparable philosophical decline? We can be sure. It is not in decline. The main reason is because it prints the most used currency in the world. Also, commentary from its top officials continues to be among the most watched event in the world.
Some would say that the FED is not in decline but meanwhile has too much power and influence in today’s world. By the very nature of the FED being able to print money, it will never be insolvent or become a bankrupt institution.
A second reason is because it remains actively trying to learn from its past mistakes. Although there may be certain specific lessons the FED is incapable of learning, no one that works at the Fed strives to project the hubris of infallibility. Chair Powell has said many times in his press conferences that “we just don’t know” for example.
Humans learn about life from their families. People inside institutions learn from their shared past as an institution.
The Federal Reserve has generational past lessons and characteristics that are important for physical gold investors to know. Below are three lessons and characteristics that have been learned since 1913. This may give us some insight into what we can expect in 2023…
Three lessons for 2023
Lesson #1 the Fed stretches its mandate and often blames other events or governments for its misguided policy.
In 2008 the FED arranged (somewhat forced) financing deals for insolvent companies. However, then said it did not have the ‘authority’ to save Lehman Brothers in September 2008. And then even after Lehman Brothers’ failure the FED then created many new ‘vehicles’ to provide backdoor finance to other failing institutions.
This stretch of mandate and selective ‘saving’ is not uncommon in FED practice. However, many times it only comes after a major economic or financial crisis. The stock market crash, the housing meltdown, and major institutional failures are all examples.
Lesson #2 It is important to be seen as important.
Marriner S. Eccles was FED Chair from 1936 until 1948. Those years were vital for America and all central banks as much of the world was still emerging from the great depression and then funding World War II.
These dozen years took everyone from the depths of the greatest depression to the jubilance of a uni-polar world with a thriving middle class. His name is recognizable because the government and central bankers want it to be. Although built in 1937 the main office of the Federal Reserve System in Washington DC was renamed to honour Mr. Eccles by an act of Congress in 1982.
Lesson #3 history does not look kindly on central bankers who failed to control inflation.
Here is a telling quote from Wikipedia’s entry on Arthur F. Burns who served as Chair from 1970 until 1978. “[Arthur Burns] did not believe the country was willing to accept for any long period an unemployment rate in the area of 6 percent. Therefore, he believed that the Federal Reserve should not take on the responsibility for attempting to accomplish by itself, under its existing powers, a reduction in the rate of inflation to, say, 2 percent”
Chairman Burns, the Chairman prior to Volcker, is often referred to as wishy-washy on inflation. Also, is the scapegoat for the deep recessions that accompanied Chair Volcker’s tenure.
Historians have often written that if Burns had been more aggressive in fighting inflation, then the recessions would not have been as severe. However, history does not have an alternate reality to compare outcomes – only guesses!
These three quick lessons above will allow us to glimpse what 2023 might mean for Jerome Powell the current Chair of [the now mature institution known as] The Federal Reserve System. He will be psychologically predisposed to be seen as fighting for 2% inflation.
He will push until something breaks. Later, refuse to take the blame for any depression, recession, or stock market crash that happens despite mismanagement of the money printing or interest rates. Then jump in as ‘savior’ which will further the misallocation of risk.
One last note is that the FED, even with all of its expertise and models does not know the future any better than anyone else.
And in fact, is quite backward looking in their thinking. These repeating lessons and characteristics are what keeps gold and silver as prominent asset to own!
If you are interested in adding some financial insurance to your portfolio, in order to protect it from another few decades of poor central bank decisions, why not create an account with GoldCore and set up your free strategy call, today?
From The Trading Desk
Market Update
Gold moved above $1,900 reaching a 8-month high on the back of the CPI numbers released Thursday.
Data released showed a slight cooling in the consumer price index. The CPI fell 0.1% in December after a rise in November 2022.
This is the last CPI report before the Fed’s next meeting on 31 January – 1st February which will conclude with a interest rate decision.
The closely followed print may give more clarity for the next rate hike, will it be another 50bp or a lower 25bp rise.
Inflation is cooling and going in the direction that the fed would like but there is a long way to go before getting to their 2% target.
Silver too has had a nice move up above $24, we would like to see silver hold this level for a next move higher towards $24.50 with a push next towards the psychological $25 mark. Near term support comes in at $23.20
Stock Update
Silver Brittania’s – We have an additional allocation of Silver Britannia’s from the Royal Mint for December, with the lowest premium in the market at spot plus 32% for EU storage and delivery and spot plus 39% for UK storage and delivery. Please call our trading desk to avail of this offer. Stock is limited at this reduced premium.
Gold Brittania’s are available again for UK and Irish Investors. Gold Britannia’s start at 5% over Spot and Gold 1oz Bars start at 4.2% over Spot.
GoldCore have excellent stock and availability on all Gold Coins and bars. Please contact our trading desk with any questions you may have.
Stephen Flood is the CEO of GoldCore. He is a former Wall Street equity trader and FinTech expert. He has been involved in the precious metals markets since 2004 and has appeared as an expert contributor on CNBC, CNN, BBC, RTE & Bloomberg TV and has had articles published in the Irish Times, Irish Independent and The Sunday Business Post.
Overview: The dollar is somewhat better offered
today ahead of the October CPI report. The US House of Representatives may hold
a vote today on a continuing resolution to avoid a partial government shutdown
at the end of the week. Narrow ranges have prevailed. Most emerging market currencies
are firmer, though paradoxically, the South Korean won is the weakest, despite
a strong equity market rally (~1.2%), encouraged by the first in increase in
memory-chip exports in 16 months in October. Most of the large bourses in
the Asia Pacific rose with the notable exception of Hong Kong and India. Europe’s
Stoxx 600 is extending yesterday’s recovery and the two-day advance is
recouping most of the 1% drop seen before last weekend. US index futures are
trading with a firmer bias. Benchmark 10-year
So, is that it? Have rates peaked? Is the long bear market finally over?
The market decided last week that interest rates have peaked for this cycle. And if rates have peaked then all the assets that have been pressured over the last two years can finally come up for air. Since October 18, 2021, over two years ago, investors have had few places to hide. Of the major asset classes we follow closely, only two – gold and commodities – were higher by more than a rounding error over that time.
The culprit, the reason stocks and bonds did so poorly over that time, is pretty simple – interest rates. The 10-year Treasury note yield roughly tripled during that time and all assets have been affected by those higher rates. Since January 1. 2021, the consumer price index has risen by 17.5%, a 6%
Part II of II by Claudio Grass, Hünenberg See, Switzerland. For those of us who have studied history, these Ingenuous beliefs and expectations likely bring a smirk to our face. However, these are entirely reasonable assumptions for most citizens, as the majority of the population is blissfully unaware of the numerous real-life examples that clearly demonstrate just how capable and how eager the government is to do these things – to fail, or to lie, or much more habitually, to do the latter to cover up the former.
The big news in gold is two-fold right now; gold hit new all-time highs in several currencies and central bank demand for physical gold remains strong hitting a year-to date record in Q3 this year.
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Here are three things you can learn from the Fed
Published on January 13, 2023
Stephen Flood
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Is the FED’s institutional history about to repeat itself?
Every institution follows a lifecycle. Institutions are born out of a need to solve an issue. After birth, they grow in size and scope, some decay because of changing needs or lose purpose and then die as they become obsolete.
Of course, the timelines for an institution are not linked to the lifespan of any one human. This week we explore the life cycle and the psychology of today’s most powerful central bank – The Federal Reserve.
The Federal Reserve Act was passed in 1913 to create a central bank in America. This Act was not the first attempt to create a central bank in the U.S. but it is the one that has lasted for more than a century.
Interesting to note that neither ‘central’ nor ‘bank’ are part of the name of the institution. We also note that ‘Act’ means this particular central bank was created by Congress. Since it was created by Congress it thereby answers to Congress (and effectively answers to the Executive branch as well).
This year the FED will be 110 years old. Even for institutions 110 years is a long time to remain in a dominant position.
There are of course institutions that have lasted for many centuries, the Bank of England is one example; it was founded in 1694. The FED is certainly a mature entity that has seen successes, failures, and growing pains and has been renovated more than once.
Yet, there remain parts of the FED that have become antiquated and obsolete as transportation and technology has improve.
One example is the 12 district banks which were situated on rail lines to make it easier for bankers to travel to their respective Federal Reserve branches. With today’s technology, these district offices are thought by many to be obsolete.
For our purposes today let’s characterize the FED as a mature but not yet ossified institution.
Can we be sure the FED is not an old institution in irreparable philosophical decline? We can be sure. It is not in decline. The main reason is because it prints the most used currency in the world. Also, commentary from its top officials continues to be among the most watched event in the world.
Some would say that the FED is not in decline but meanwhile has too much power and influence in today’s world. By the very nature of the FED being able to print money, it will never be insolvent or become a bankrupt institution.
A second reason is because it remains actively trying to learn from its past mistakes. Although there may be certain specific lessons the FED is incapable of learning, no one that works at the Fed strives to project the hubris of infallibility. Chair Powell has said many times in his press conferences that “we just don’t know” for example.
Humans learn about life from their families. People inside institutions learn from their shared past as an institution.
The Federal Reserve has generational past lessons and characteristics that are important for physical gold investors to know. Below are three lessons and characteristics that have been learned since 1913. This may give us some insight into what we can expect in 2023…
Three lessons for 2023
Lesson #1 the Fed stretches its mandate and often blames other events or governments for its misguided policy.
In 2008 the FED arranged (somewhat forced) financing deals for insolvent companies. However, then said it did not have the ‘authority’ to save Lehman Brothers in September 2008. And then even after Lehman Brothers’ failure the FED then created many new ‘vehicles’ to provide backdoor finance to other failing institutions.
This stretch of mandate and selective ‘saving’ is not uncommon in FED practice. However, many times it only comes after a major economic or financial crisis. The stock market crash, the housing meltdown, and major institutional failures are all examples.
Lesson #2 It is important to be seen as important.
Marriner S. Eccles was FED Chair from 1936 until 1948. Those years were vital for America and all central banks as much of the world was still emerging from the great depression and then funding World War II.
These dozen years took everyone from the depths of the greatest depression to the jubilance of a uni-polar world with a thriving middle class. His name is recognizable because the government and central bankers want it to be. Although built in 1937 the main office of the Federal Reserve System in Washington DC was renamed to honour Mr. Eccles by an act of Congress in 1982.
Lesson #3 history does not look kindly on central bankers who failed to control inflation.
Here is a telling quote from Wikipedia’s entry on Arthur F. Burns who served as Chair from 1970 until 1978. “[Arthur Burns] did not believe the country was willing to accept for any long period an unemployment rate in the area of 6 percent. Therefore, he believed that the Federal Reserve should not take on the responsibility for attempting to accomplish by itself, under its existing powers, a reduction in the rate of inflation to, say, 2 percent”
Chairman Burns, the Chairman prior to Volcker, is often referred to as wishy-washy on inflation. Also, is the scapegoat for the deep recessions that accompanied Chair Volcker’s tenure.
Historians have often written that if Burns had been more aggressive in fighting inflation, then the recessions would not have been as severe. However, history does not have an alternate reality to compare outcomes – only guesses!
These three quick lessons above will allow us to glimpse what 2023 might mean for Jerome Powell the current Chair of [the now mature institution known as] The Federal Reserve System. He will be psychologically predisposed to be seen as fighting for 2% inflation.
He will push until something breaks. Later, refuse to take the blame for any depression, recession, or stock market crash that happens despite mismanagement of the money printing or interest rates. Then jump in as ‘savior’ which will further the misallocation of risk.
One last note is that the FED, even with all of its expertise and models does not know the future any better than anyone else.
And in fact, is quite backward looking in their thinking. These repeating lessons and characteristics are what keeps gold and silver as prominent asset to own!
If you are interested in adding some financial insurance to your portfolio, in order to protect it from another few decades of poor central bank decisions, why not create an account with GoldCore and set up your free strategy call, today?
From The Trading Desk
Market Update
Gold moved above $1,900 reaching a 8-month high on the back of the CPI numbers released Thursday.
Data released showed a slight cooling in the consumer price index. The CPI fell 0.1% in December after a rise in November 2022.
This is the last CPI report before the Fed’s next meeting on 31 January – 1st February which will conclude with a interest rate decision.
The closely followed print may give more clarity for the next rate hike, will it be another 50bp or a lower 25bp rise.
Inflation is cooling and going in the direction that the fed would like but there is a long way to go before getting to their 2% target.
Silver too has had a nice move up above $24, we would like to see silver hold this level for a next move higher towards $24.50 with a push next towards the psychological $25 mark. Near term support comes in at $23.20
Stock Update
Silver Brittania’s – We have an additional allocation of Silver Britannia’s from the Royal Mint for December, with the lowest premium in the market at spot plus 32% for EU storage and delivery and spot plus 39% for UK storage and delivery. Please call our trading desk to avail of this offer. Stock is limited at this reduced premium.
Gold Brittania’s are available again for UK and Irish Investors. Gold Britannia’s start at 5% over Spot and Gold 1oz Bars start at 4.2% over Spot.
GoldCore have excellent stock and availability on all Gold Coins and bars. Please contact our trading desk with any questions you may have.
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Overview: The dollar is somewhat better offered
today ahead of the October CPI report. The US House of Representatives may hold
a vote today on a continuing resolution to avoid a partial government shutdown
at the end of the week. Narrow ranges have prevailed. Most emerging market currencies
are firmer, though paradoxically, the South Korean won is the weakest, despite
a strong equity market rally (~1.2%), encouraged by the first in increase in
memory-chip exports in 16 months in October. Most of the large bourses in
the Asia Pacific rose with the notable exception of Hong Kong and India. Europe’s
Stoxx 600 is extending yesterday’s recovery and the two-day advance is
recouping most of the 1% drop seen before last weekend. US index futures are
trading with a firmer bias. Benchmark 10-year
2023-11-06
So, is that it? Have rates peaked? Is the long bear market finally over?
The market decided last week that interest rates have peaked for this cycle. And if rates have peaked then all the assets that have been pressured over the last two years can finally come up for air. Since October 18, 2021, over two years ago, investors have had few places to hide. Of the major asset classes we follow closely, only two – gold and commodities – were higher by more than a rounding error over that time.
The culprit, the reason stocks and bonds did so poorly over that time, is pretty simple – interest rates. The 10-year Treasury note yield roughly tripled during that time and all assets have been affected by those higher rates. Since January 1. 2021, the consumer price index has risen by 17.5%, a 6%
2023-11-05
Part II of II by Claudio Grass, Hünenberg See, Switzerland. For those of us who have studied history, these Ingenuous beliefs and expectations likely bring a smirk to our face. However, these are entirely reasonable assumptions for most citizens, as the majority of the population is blissfully unaware of the numerous real-life examples that clearly demonstrate just how capable and how eager the government is to do these things – to fail, or to lie, or much more habitually, to do the latter to cover up the former.
2023-11-02
The big news in gold is two-fold right now; gold hit new all-time highs in several currencies and central bank demand for physical gold remains strong hitting a year-to date record in Q3 this year.
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